Carnivalesque by Mikhail Bakhtin

Carnivalesque by Mikhail Bakhtin as a Literary Theory 

Mikhail Bakhtin first coined the term'Carnivalesque'. The source of this term is Dostoevsky's Problems of Poetics and In Rabelis and his world. The term 'Carnivalesque' is used to refer to a particular literary mode that liberates the assumptions and dominant style of atmosphere to humour and chaos.

 Carnivalesque is related to feast of fools. It is a medieval festival held around the first of January consisting with the feast of circumcision where the performance of burlesques of the sacred ceremony was ensured. Bakhtin relates the Carnivalesque with a dialogue of Socrates and the legacy of menippean satire which the history of the serio-comic is derived. Carnival is a profane but burlesque is a grotesque.

 Through this term, we find that the term carnival means fair. The social hierarchy does not function. This is used in the novels and poems by Dostoevsky, a novelist. In Rabelis and his world, Mikhail Bakhtin finds this thing. Death is the greatest Carnivalesque where Social hierarchy does not function.

Mikhail Bakhtin's Four categories of Carnival 

Feast of Fools:- 

Feast of Fools is first originated in French cathedrian. In the USA, it is associated with the festival of Mardigras which is a catholic revolution traditionally festive drivers take place bhakti in refuses to compare the modern day Mardi grass festival with the mediaeval carnival because is basically is spectacle. But the medieval carnival was a powerful creative event involving most participant. Bakhtin makes this word in the Rabelai and his world.

 Carnival is a social discourse. Discourse is a whole modality of expression. In the case of carnival, quotidian  social hierarchies are dismentated and official solemnities and official etiquette is profaned. Instinct suppressed voices are brought to the forefront. In the case, fools become wise, king becomes begger. These heavenly become hellish  and the boundary between fact and fiction collapses. In that case, whatever is maintained in terms of sociology and considered highly opposite because hierarchy collapses the carnival. 

Bakhtin's Four categories of Carnival:-  

The Carnivalesque categories of the world are given below -

1) Familiar and free interaction between people:

carnival brings together people of diverse background and United them. It also encourages the unity of different classes of people.

2) Eccentric Behaviour:

This carnival emphasizes eccentric behaviour and it reveals one's natural attitude because unexpectable behaviour is welcomed before carnival. In other words, one's natural behaviour can be revealed without consequences.

3) Carnivalestic Misalliances:- 

the free and familiar attitude of the carnival enables everything which is normally seperated to connect - the sacred with the profane, the new and the old, the sacred with the profane.

4) Sacrilegious:- 

something which can cross the religious boundary. For Bakhtin, carnival was absolved of the need of punishment and sensual ritualistic performances were given the nod of consent.

Bakhtin states that carnival is confined in time, not in space. The carnival for Bakhtin is an event in which all rules, inhibitions, restrictions and regulations which determine the course of everyday life are suspended, and especially all form of hierarchy in society.